Vinegar originated in ancient Mesopotamia, discovered around 5000 BCE, and was used in Egypt and China by 3000 BCE. It arrived in Japan around the 3rd century BCE, became popular in the Nara period within the court and temples, spreading to nobles by the Heian period, and became common among the general populace in the Edo period. Its distinct acidity and aroma are due to acetic acid and organic acids. Types include rice vinegar, black vinegar, fruit vinegar, and wine vinegar, with rice vinegar used in sushi and Japanese cuisine. Vinegar enhances flavor, eliminates odors from meat and fish, and acts as a preservative in pickles, marinades, dressings, and health drinks, supporting gut health and digestion.